Overview

Released in May 2010, the Toyota Rukus was a five-door, front-wheel drive wagon. Manufactured in Japan, the Rukus was powered by a 2.4-litre four-cylinder petrol engine that was mated to a four-speed automatic transmission, the Rukus was initially available in three variants: Build 1, Build 2 and Build 3. In March 2011, a limited-run Halo variant was released.

2AZ-FE engine

The 2.4-litre 2AZ-FE four-cylinder petrol engine had an aluminium block and cylinder head, double overhead camshafts, four valves per cylinder, variable intake valve timing (Toyota’s ‘VVT-i’), twin counter-rotating balance shafts, electronic throttle control and a compression ratio of 9.6:1.

Dimensions

Although based on the E150 Corolla platform, the Rukus was 40 mm longer (at 4260 mm) and 130 mm taller (1645 mm), though width (1760 mm) and wheelbase length (2600 mm) were unchanged.

Suspension and steering

Like the Corolla, the Rukus had MacPherson strut front suspension with L-shaped lower arms and torsion beam rear suspension with two trailing arms. The Rukus was also fitted with electric power-assisted rack-and-pinion steering.

Safety equipment

Standard safety equipment for the Rukus included dual front airbags, front side airbags, full-length curtain airbags (i.e. for front and rear occupants), ABS, electronic brake force distribution, brake assist, electronic stability control, traction control and front seatbelts with pretensioners and load limiters.

Brakes

The Rukus had 275 mm vented front brake discs and 279 mm solid rear discs.

ANCAP crash testing

In ANCAP crash testing , the Rukus received a five star adult occupant protection rating with a score of 32.61. In the offset crash test, protection from serious leg injury was marginal for the driver. In the side impact and pole tests, however, maximum points were awarded.

Features: Rukus

Standard features for the Toyota Rukus Build 1 included 16-inch alloy wheels, a six speaker sound system with CD player and auxiliary inputs, air conditioning, cruise control, Bluetooth connectivity, 60/40 split and flat folding rear seats, remote central locking and proximity key, power windows and mirrors, a tilt and reach adjustable steering wheel, height adjustable driver’s seat, 12 volt power outlet, tinted windows, a trip computer and an immobiliser.

The Rukus Build 2 was further equipped with a nine speaker sound system (including subwoofer) with a six-disc CD player, a 4.3-inch colour display for the audio controls, climate control air conditioning, leather seats, centre console storage compartment and a leather-wrapped steering wheel and gearshift. Beyond this, the Build 3 added a power sunroof.

2011 Rukus Halo

In March 2011, a limited-run Halo variant was released; based on the Build 1, the Halo was distinguished by its tilt and slide sunroof, reversing camera, dark grey seat and door fabrics, blue footwell lighting and ‘Voodoo Blue’ paint.

Brochure

• Brochure: Toyota Rukus (March 2014)

Related links

• Press Kit: Toyota Rukus (May 2010)
• Specifications: Toyota Rukus Halo (March 2011)
• Specifications: Toyota Rukus (November 2011)
• Behind the Wheel: 2011 Toyota Rukus Review
• Toyota Australia: Toyota Rukus
• Wikipedia.org: Scion xB/Toyota Rukus

Review: Peugeot Phase I RCZ (2010-13)

Overview

Released in September 2010, the Peugeot Phase I RCZ was a two-door coupe with ‘two-plus-two’ seating. Manufactured in Graz, Austria, the front-wheel drive RCZ was available with 1.6-litre turbocharged petrol and 2.0-litre turbo-diesel engines.

Engines

Of the engines,

• The 1.6-litre EP6DT petrol engine had a twin scroll turbocharger, direct injection, double overhead camshafts, four valves per cylinder, variable inlet valve timing and a compression ratio of 10.5:1;
• The 1.6-litre EP6CDTX petrol engine had similar properties but added variable inlet valve lift and variable exhaust valve timing; and,
• The 2.0-litre DW10 C HDi diesel engine had a variable geometry turbocharger, intercooler, common-rail injection, double overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder and a compression ratio of 16.0:1.

The EP6DT and EP6CDTX petrol engines were offered with automatic and manual transmissions, respectively, while the HDi engine was solely available with a six-speed manual transmission.

Dimensions and suspension

Based on PSA PF2 platform which was shared with the Peugeot T7 308 hatch , the RCZ was 4287 mm long, 1845 mm wide, 1362 mm tall and had a 2596 mm long wheelbase; the RCZ’s drag coefficient was 0.32 Cd.

The RCZ had MacPherson strut front suspension and a torsion beam rear axle.

Safety equipment

Standard safety equipment for the RCZ included dual front airbags, front side airbags, ABS, electronic brake force distribution, brake assist, electronic stability control, traction control, hill start assist, front seatbelt pretensioners and load limiting seatbelts (front and rear). The RCZ was also fitted with a bonnet which would automatically rise in the event of a collision to cushion a pedestrian’s impact.

Brakes

The standard braking package for the RCZ consisted of 302 mm by 26 mm ventilated front discs and 290 mm by 12 mm solid rear discs. Models with the 147 kW petrol engine, however, were fitted with 340 mm by 30 mm ventilated front brake discs.

Features

Standard RCZ features included 18-inch alloy wheels, a six speaker sound system with CD player, MP3, USB and Bluetooth connectivity, dual zone climate control air conditioning, leather trim, power adjustable front seats (including lumbar support) with driver’s seat memory settings, heated front seats, folding rear bench seat, cruise control with speed limiter, front and rear fog lights, front and rear parking sensors, automatic headlights, rain-sensing wipers, leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio controls, remote central locking, power windows and mirrors, power folding and heated mirrors, automatically tilting mirrors on reverse, a height and reach adjustable steering wheel, electrochrome rear view mirrors, 12 volt power outlet, trip computer, an alarm and immobiliser.

The RCZ was also fitted with an automatically deploying rear spoiler (with manual override).

2011 RCZ 200th Anniversary

In January 2011, 200th Anniversary editions were released for each of the models within the RCZ range. The 200th Anniversary editions were distinguished by their 19-inch ‘Midnight Silver’ Sortilege alloy wheels, ‘carbon fibre effect’ roof and door mirrors, painted brake calipers, black painted grille, three-piece luggage set and umbrella. Furthermore, two paint finishes were available: pearlescent Pearl White or metallic Perla Nera Black.

Brochure and specifications

• Brochure: Peugeot Phase I RCZ (October 2010)
• Specifications: Peugeot Phase I RCZ (September 2010)

Review: Peugeot Phase II RCZ (2013-15)

Overview

Released in May 2013, the Phase II RCZ introduced updated styling and additional features. Visually, the Phase II RCZ could be identified by its new front mask which included xenon headlights with titanium surrounds and claw-shaped daytime LED running lights; other changes included matt black roof arches (previously silver), a black grille and black brake calipers.

Inside, the Phase II RCZ was fitted with new door pads with trim inserts, lacquered black gear lever surround and two aluminium dashboard inserts. An ‘acoustic’ windscreen was also introduced to reduce interior noise.

Features

Compared to its Phase I predecessor, standard features for the Phase II RCZ were extended to include 19-inch ‘Technical Grey’ alloy wheels with 235/40 R19 tyres and xenon headlights.

2014 Peugeot RCZ R

In September 2013, a limited production run of five hundred (500) Peugeot RCZ R models commenced – thirty five (35) of these vehicles were available for Australia with the official release occurring in May 2014.

The RCZ R was powered by Peugeot’s 1.6-litre turbocharged THP 260 engine which – compared to the standard 1.6 Turbo engine – featured forged pistons developed by Mahle Motorsport, a new twin-scroll turbocharger, a larger intercooler and a compression ratio of 9.2:1. The RCZ R was also had a strengthened six-speed manual transmission, an upgraded clutch and was fitted with a Torsen front differential. With a kerb weight of 1280 kg, the RCZ R could accelerate from rest to 100 km/h in 5.9 seconds. The RCZ R was also fitted with 380 mm by 32 mm front brake discs with four-piston calipers.

Compared to the standard RCZ, the RCZ R featured 19-inch ‘R’ two-tone alloy wheels with Goodyear Eagle F1 Asymmetric 235/40 R19 tyres, 10 mm lower sports suspension, combination leather/alcantara front bucket seats (without power adjustment or heating functions), ‘R’ badge for the centre console, red trim stitching and a fixed rear spoiler.

Brochures

• Brochure: Peugeot Phase II RCZ (August 2013)
• Brochure: Peugeot Phase II RCZ-R (May 2014)

Specifications

• Specifications: Peugeot Phase II RCZ (May 2013)
• Specifications: Peugeot Phase II RCZ and RCZ R (May 2014)

Related links

• Peugeot Automobiles Australia: Peugeot RCZ
• Wikipedia.org: Peugeot RCZ

Review: Fiat Series 1 500C (2010-13)

Overview

Released in January 2010, the Fiat Series 1 (S1) 500C was a two-door, four-seat convertible with a retractable soft-top roof. Based on the Fiat 500 , the 500C was available powered by a 1.4-litre four-cylinder petrol engine mated to either a six-speed manual or Fiat’s ‘DuaLogic’ semi-automatic transmission (or clutchless sequential manual).

In January 2012, however, the 500C range was revised as the 1.4-litre petrol engine was replaced by a 875cc two-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine (Fiat’s ‘TwinAir’ unit). This engine had a cast iron block, an alloy cylinder head, a single turbocharger, single overhead camshaft, four valves per cylinder, variable intake valve lift, a counterbalance shaft and a compression ratio of 10.0:1. Unlike conventional engines which used a throttle valve to regulate airflow into cylinders, the TwinAir engine had electro-hydraulically actuated inlet valves which controlled airflow cylinders directly for greater efficiency. The TwinAir engine also had a Start&Stop function which enabled the engine to shut down when the vehicle was stationary.

The Fiat 500C was 3546 mm long, 1627 mm wide, 1488 mm tall and had a 2300 mm long wheelbase. Furthermore, the 500C had MacPherson strut front suspension and a torsion beam rear axle.

Safety equipment

Standard safety equipment included dual front airbags, a driver’s knee airbag, front side airbags, full-length curtain airbags, ABS, electronic brake force distribution, brake assist, electronic stability control, traction control, anti-submarining front seats and front seatbelts with pretensioners and load limiters.

Features

Standard features included 16-inch alloy wheels, a six speaker sound system with CD player, MP3-compatibility and auxiliary inputs (MP3/USB/iPod), climate control air conditioning, Bluetooth connectivity, front fog lights, rear parking sensors, 50/50 split and folding rear seats, a leather-wrapped multi-function steering wheel and gearshift, remote central locking, power windows, a height adjustable driver’s seat, height adjustable steering wheel, trip computer and an immobiliser.

With the introduction of the TwinAir-powered models, the 500C underwent a range of minor cosmetic changes, including the fitment of 16-inch matt black wheels, a metallic-effect dashboard, piano-black roof and spoiler and satin-chrome finish for the door mirrors, door handles and bootlid trim.

In May 2012, Chrysler Australia assumed responsibility for the distribution of Alfa Romeo and Fiat vehicles in Australia from Ateco Automotive. While the post-May 2012 variants were known as Lounge variants, standard features were unchanged.

Related links

• Press Kit: Fiat 500C (January 2010)
• Brochure: Fiat 500 and 500C (February 2010)
• Press Kit: Fiat 500 and 500C TwinAir (February 2012)

Review: Fiat Series 2 500C (2013-14)

Overview

Released in June 2013, the Fiat Series 2 (S2) 500C introduced a revised range and lower pricing. While the Pop and Sport variants were powered by Fiat’s 1.2- and 1.4-litre naturally aspirated ‘FIRE’ petrol engines, the range-topping Lounge was powered by the 875 cc turbocharged TwinAir engine. To coincide with the release of the Series 2 500C, a limited-run Gucci edition – pictured above – was also released.

The Series 2 500C introduced a ‘Dualdrive’ electric power steering system which included a ‘City’ mode – activated via a button on the fascia – which provided greater power assistance for low-speed manoeuvres. Inside, the Series 2 500C also featured Blue&Me, a Windows Mobile-based system developed between Fiat and Microsoft which included USB music playback and Bluetooth connectivity with voice recognition.

Safety equipment

Compared to its Series 1 predecessor, standard safety equipment for the Series 2 500C was unchanged.

Features

Standard features for the 500C Pop included 14-inch steel wheels with 175/65 R14 tyres, a six speaker sound system with a CD player, MP3-compatibility, auxiliary inputs (3.5 mm/USB) and Blue&Me system with Bluetooth connectivity, air conditioning, Pop seat fabrics, daytime running lights, leather-wrapped steering wheel, remote central locking, power windows and mirrors, a height adjustable steering wheel, a height adjustable driver’s seat, trip computer and an immobiliser.

The 500C Sport was further equipped with 15-inch alloy wheels with 185/55 R15 tyres, sport seats with red stitching, front fog lights and a flat-bottomed steering wheel. Visually, the Sport variants could be identified by their body-coloured door mirrors, sports body kit (including rear spoiler), matt silver dash panel, dark tinted glass and dark chrome trim accents.

Beyond this, the range-topping 500C Lounge added climate control air conditioning, Lounge seat fabrics, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, fixed glass roof with sunblind and an electrochromatic rear view mirror. Visually, the Lounge variants could be identified by their body-coloured door mirrors and chrome bumper accents (front and rear).

Fiat 500 by Gucci

To coincide with the release of the Series 2 500C, a limited-run Gucci edition was released. Compared to the Lounge variants, the ‘500 by Gucci’ was distinguished by its 16-inch ‘Gucci’ alloy wheels with 195/45 R16 tyres, Interscope sound system with a 30 watt amplifier, six speakers and a 100 watt subwoofer, two-tone Gucci designed seats with Frau leather upholstery, xenon headlights, dual tone leather wrapped steering wheel and rear parking sensors.

Visually, the 500 by Gucci could be identified by its glossy pearl glass paint treatment (in black and white), black soft top roof with green-red-green stripes, chrome door mirrors and ‘Gucci’ badges. Of a worldwide production run of 500, 101 ‘500 by Gucci’ vehicles were allocated to Australia.

Related links

• Equipment: Fiat Series 2 500 (June 2013)
• Technical Data: Fiat Series 2 500 (June 2013)

Review: Fiat Series 3 500C (2014-15)

Overview

Released in August 2014, the Fiat Series 3 (S3) 500C introduced Euro 6 compliant 1.2-litre petrol engines and the Sport variant was renamed as the ‘S’. For S and Lounge variants, the Series 3 500C interior featured a seven-inch TFT digital instrument display that was developed in collaboration with Magneti Marelli. Furthermore,

• For S variants, activation of Sport mode resulted in the display of sports-themed gauges and a digital RPM gauge; and,
• For Lounge variants, an ‘eco’ gauge would appear at the press of a button which measured the vehicle’s fuel efficiency in real time.

The Series 3 500C was available with fourteen different paint finishes, with Blue Jelly Bean, Mint Milkshake and Vanilla Ice Cream introduced as part of the Series 3 update.

Safety equipment

Compared to its Series 2 predecessor, standard safety equipment for the Series 3 500C was unchanged.

Features

Standard features for the 500C Pop were also unchanged. As noted above, however, the 500 S and 500 Lounge were fitted with seven-inch TFT digital instrument clusters.

Related links

• Fiat Chrysler Australia: Fiat Chrysler 500C
• Wikipedia.org: Fiat 500 (2007)

Review: Audi R8 Spyder (2010-12)

Overview

Released in September 2010, the Audi R8 Spyder was a mid-engined, high performance convertible. Manufactured in Neckarsulm, Germany, the Audi R8 Spyder was initially available as a 5.2 FSI variant that was powered by a 5.2-litre V10 petrol engine – shared with the Lamborghini Gallardo LP560-4 – mated to either a six-speed manual or semi-automatic sequential transmission (Audi’s ‘R-Tronic’). In July 2012, the R8 Spyder range was expanded with the release of the 4.2 FSI variant.

4.2 FSI and 5.2 FSI V8 engines

Both the 4.2- and 5.2-litre engines featured direct injection, double overhead camshafts per cylinder bank, four valves per cylinder, continuous variable valve timing for intake and exhaust camshafts and had compression ratios of 12.5:1.

Body and dimensions

Like the Audi R8 Coupe on which it was based, the R8 Spyder was developed by Audi AG’s high performance subsidiary, quattro GmbH, and utilised the Lamborghini Gallardo platform. As such, the R8 Spyder had an aluminium monocoque chassis which used space frame construction principles such that the bodyshell weighed only 216 kg. Compared to the R8 coupe, the R8 Spyder was 3 mm longer (at 4434 mm), the same width (1904 mm), 8 mm lower (1244 mm) and had the same length wheelbase (2650 mm).

The R8 Spyder’s electro-hydraulic fabric roof could open or close in 19 seconds, and at speeds of up to 50 km/h. Furthermore, the heated rear window could be raised or lowered independently, enabling it to act as a wind-blocked if desired.

Suspension

Like the R8 coupe, the R8 Spyder had double wishbone front and rear suspension and was fitted with Audi’s ‘Magnetic Ride Control’ system whereby the dampers were filled with magnetorheological fluid and the application of a magnetic field could vary the suspension’s resistance.

quattro

The R8 Spyder’s ‘quattro’ all-wheel drive system consisted of a viscous coupling in the front axle housing. In normal conditions, the front:rear torque split was 15:85, but up to 35 per cent of the engine’s torque could be directed to the front axle if required. The R8 Spyder was also fitted with a rear electronic differential lock which could brake a spinning wheel to transfer torque to the opposing rear wheel (i.e. cross-axle torque transfer).

Safety equipment

Standard safety equipment for the Audi R8 Spyder included dual front airbags, front side airbags, ABS, electronic brake force distribution, brake assist, electronic stability control, traction control and front seatbelts with pretensioners and load limiters.

Brakes

The Audi R8 Spuder had ventilated and perforated 365 mm front brake discs with eight-piston calipers and 356 mm rear discs with four-piston rear calipers.

Features

Standard features for the Audi R8 Spyder included 19-inch alloy wheels with 235/35 front and 295/30 rear tyres, Multi Media Interface (Audi’s ‘MMI’) with a seven speaker sound system with a six-stack CD player, satellite navigation system and reversing camera, climate control air conditioning, leather seat trim, power adjustable seats, cruise control, LED headlights and driving lights, Bluetooth connectivity, reverse parking sensors, automatic headlights, rain-sensing wipers, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, remote central locking with proximity key, power windows and heated mirrors, tilt and telescopic steering wheel adjustment, an electrochromatic rear view mirror, a trip computer, an alarm and immobiliser.

The Aydu R8 Spyder V10 was fitted with a twelve speaker, 465 watt Bang & Olufsen sound system with a ten-channel amplifier, Fine Nappa leather upholstery, heated seats, power folding mirrors and tyre pressure monitoring. Models with the R-Tronic transmission were also fitted with steering wheel gearshift paddles.

R8 Spyder 5.2 FSI Carbon Edition

In December 2011, the R8 Spyder 5.2 FSI Carbon Edition was released. Compared to the standard R8 Spyder, the Carbon Edition was fitted with carbon-fibre ‘side blade’ inlays, door mirrors, front lip spoiler, rear diffuser and illuminated sill plates. The Carbon Edition was also distinguished by its titanium-finished 19-inch double-spoke alloy wheels and gloss black grille and matte-black window surrounds.

Review: Audi R8 Spyder (2013-15)

Overview

Released in March 2013, the 2013 Audi R8 Spyder introduced seven-speed double clutch transmissions (Audi’s ‘S-Tronic’) and subtle cosmetic updates. Visually, the 2013 R8 Spyder could be identified by its standard LED headlights, new rear indicator lights, single frame grille with beveled upper corners (and painted high-gloss black) and new front bumper.

The seven-speed double-clutch transmission utilised two multi-plate clutches – positioned behind one another – which served two mutually independent sub-transmissions. As a result, gears were shifted directly as the clutches alternately opened and closed.

Features

Standard features for the 2013 R8 Spyder were extended to include LED headlights and Fine Nappa leather upholstery.

Related links

• Specifications: 2013 Audi R8 (March 2013)
• Audi Australia: Audi R8 Spyder
• Wikipedia.org: Audi R8

Recalls: Toyota Rukus

Overview

Manufacturers, or importers, issue recalls for defects or faults which have the potential to cause injury. Generally, manufacturers will inform the original buyers if their vehicle is subject to a recall and of the steps required to remedy the defect or fault. Please note that the recalls below (if any) are for Australian-delivered vehicles only. Furthermore, the number of recalls should not be taken as an indication of a model’s reliability or its safety more generally.

Recalls: Toyota Rukus

While a recall was issued for Toyota Rukus vehicles in November 2015 (PRA 2015/14999), this recall was amended in December 2015 and the Toyota Rukus was removed from the list of vehicles recalled.

2010-14 Toyota Rukus: fuel suction plate

In July 2016, a recall was issued for Toyota Rukus vehicles that were manufactured from 26 February 2010 to 30 September 2014. In these vehicles, the fuel suction plate that was located within the fuel tank may develop a crack which could expand over time. As a result, fuel may leak when the vehicle had a full tank of fuel; in the presence of an ignition source, the fuel or fuel vapour posed a fire hazard. The recalled Toyota Rukus vehicles had VINs in the following ranges:

• JTL KE4FE # 01118199 to JTL KE4FE # 01147096;
• JTL KE4FE # 0J000107 to JTL KE4FE # 0J065424;
• JTL ZE4FE # 01118212 to JTL ZE4FE # 01147067; and,
• JTL ZE4FE # 0J000104 to JTL ZE4FE # 0J065461.

2010-12 Toyota Rukus: Takata airbag recall #1

In April 2017, a recall was issued for Toyota Rukus vehicles that were manufactured from 26 February 2010 to 26 December 2012. The front passenger airbags in these vehicles had propellant wafers that could absorb moisture over time. In the event of a collision, overly aggressive expansion of the airbag could cause the inflator housing to rupture such that metallic fragments could be dispersed throughout the cabin – these fragments posed a serious risk of injury to vehicle occupants (PRA 2017/16010). The recalled Toyota Rukus vehicles were as follows –

• Manufactured from 26 February 2010 to 30 July 2011: JTL KE4FE # 01118199 to JTL KE4FE # 01147096;
• Manufactured from 22 August 2011 to 26 December 2012: JTL KE4FE # 0J000107 to JTL KE4FE # 0J030548;
• Manufactured from 26 February 2010 to 27 July 2011: JTL ZE4FE # 01118212 to JTL ZE4FE # 01147067; and,
• Manufactured from 22 August 2011 to 26 December 2012: JTL ZE4FE # 0J000104 to JTL ZE4FE # 0J030537.

2010-12 Toyota Rukus: replacement airbag inflator may not have been installed correctly

In March 2018, a recall was issued for Toyota Rukus vehicles that were manufactured from 26 February 2010 to 26 December 2012. While these vehicles had been recalled to have their front passenger airbags replaced as part of a previous Takata airbag recall (PRA 2017/16010), there was a possibility that the replacement airbag inflator may have been installed incorrectly. The front passenger airbag may therefore not inflate as intended during deployment and this would increase the risk of injury (PRA 2018/1664). The recalled Toyota Rukus vehicles were as follows –

• Manufactured from 26 February 2010 to 26 December 2012: VINs in the range JTL KE4FE # 01118201 to JTL KE4FE # 0J030530; and,
• Manufactured from 26 February 2010 to 25 December 2012: VINs in the range JTL ZE4FE # 01118423 to JTL ZE4FE # 0J030498.

2013-15 Toyota Rukus: Takata airbag recall #2

In April 2018, a recall was issued for Toyota Rukus vehicles that were manufactured from 8 January 2013 to 25 December 2013. An expansion of PRA 2017/16010, the front passenger airbags in these vehicles had propellant wafers that could absorb moisture over time. In the event of a collision, overly aggressive expansion of the airbag could cause the inflator housing to rupture such that metallic fragments could be dispersed throughout the cabin – these fragments posed a serious risk of injury to vehicle occupants (PRA 2018/16715). The recalled Toyota Rukus vehicles had VINs in the following ranges:

• JTL KE4FE # 0J030626 to JTL KE4FE # 0J051037; and,
• JTL ZE4FE # 0J030641 to JTL ZE4FE # 0J051120.

InJanuary 2019, this recall was extended for Toyota Rukus vehicles that were manufactured from 7 January 2014 to 26 October 2015; for the VINs of the recalled vehicles, please seePRA 2019/17283.

Search online for recalls by VIN

To see if a Toyota vehicle has been recalled, you can conduct a search on the Toyota Australia website using its VIN.

Problems and faults: Toyota Rukus

Overview

This section identifies potential problems, causes and fixes based on the experiences of owners and repairers, online sources and technical service bulletins. This information is provided solely for reference purposes and AustralianCar.Reviews recommends that only properly qualified persons carry out repairs or modifications. Furthermore, the number of items below should not be taken as an indicator of a model’s reliability or the frequency with which they may occur.

To report a problem or fault to the AustralianCar.Reviews team, please use the Contact Us form. Note that AustralianCar.Reviews does not offer advice on automotive problems or disputes; such enquiries will not receive a reply. For vehicles purchased from dealers after 1 January 2011, please see our Australian Consumer Law fact sheet.

2010-15 Toyota Rukus: excessive oil consumption from 2AZ-FE engine

In November 2015, Toyota issued S-SB-0024-11 Rev 2 which identified that 2008 to 2015 model year Scion xB/Toyota Rukus vehicles with the 2AZ-FE engine and VINs preceding JTLZE4FE#FJ069331 may experience excessive oil consumption. The excessive oil consumption was caused by oil getting past the piston rings and into the combustion chamber. There have been reports of excessive oil consumption for 2AZ-FE powered vehicles with mileages as low as 70,000 kms, though it is more commonly experienced from 100,000 to 120,000 kms.

From T-SB-0158-14 and S-SB-0031-14, oil consumption would be considered excessive if it exceeded more than 1 quart (approximately 1 litre) of oil for 1200 miles (1930 km) of normal driving. If this threshold was exceeded, the piston assembly (i.e. pistons and piston rings) would be replaced – this required the engine to be removed from the vehicle. It is understood that vehicles produced after VIN JTLZE4FE#FJ069331 had a revised piston assembly.

In May 2015, Toyota USA initiated a ‘Warranty Enhancement Program’ known as Limited Service Campaign (LSC) ZE7 for the 2AZ-FE engine. As part of this program,

• Toyota informed owners that they could seek reimbursement for the cost of previous repairs to address excessive oil consumption;
• Owners were advised that they could have an engine oil consumption test to determine if their vehicle was experiencing excessive oil consumption. The threshold for this test was the same as described in T-SB-0158-14 and S-SB-0031-14 (i.e. 1 quart per 1200 miles); and,
• For vehicles with excessive oil consumption, the pistons would be replaced at no cost to the owner.

As part of the warranty enhancement, the ‘Primary Coverage’ period lasted until October 31, 2016, regardless of mileage. Once the ‘Primary Coverage’ period ended, a ‘Secondary Coverage’ period commenced and was applicable from ten (10) years from the date of first use or 150,000 miles (241,350 kms), whichever occurred first.

2010-12 Toyota Rukus: Malfunction Indicator Light and DTC P0335

In October 2012, Toyota USA issued Technical Service Bulletin S-SB-0025-12 for Toyota Rukus/Scion xB vehicles that had 2.4-litre 2AZ-FE engines. Intermittently, the Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) may illuminate and diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P0335 may be logged in the powertrain control module. According to the service bulletin, these symptoms were caused by an intake camshaft gear assembly which did not meet specifications. To fix, the intake camshaft timing gear assembly was to be replaced with an improved part (part no. 13050-28021).

Recalls: Peugeot RCZ

Overview

Manufacturers, or importers, issue recalls for defects or faults which have the potential to cause injury. Generally, manufacturers will inform the original buyers if their vehicle is subject to a recall and of the steps required to remedy the defect or fault. Please note that the recalls below (if any) are for Australian-delivered vehicles only. Furthermore, the number of recalls should not be taken as an indication of a model’s reliability or its safety more generally.

Recalls: Peugeot RCZ

2010 Peugeot RCZ: potential fuel leak

In March 2011, a recall was issued for Peugeot RCZ models manufactured from March 2010 to October 2010. In these vehicles, the fuel return pipe could come into contact with the fuel filter support bracket, potentially causing the pipe to wear and leak. For the VINs of the recalled Peugeot RCZ vehicles, please see PRA 2011/12409.

Problems and faults: Peugeot RCZ

Overview

This section identifies potential problems, causes and fixes based on the experiences of owners and repairers, online sources and technical service bulletins. This information is provided solely for reference purposes and AustralianCar.Reviews recommends that only properly qualified persons carry out repairs or modifications. Furthermore, the number of items below should not be taken as an indicator of a model’s reliability or the frequency with which they may occur.

To report a problem or fault to the AustralianCar.Reviews team, please use the Contact Us form. Note that AustralianCar.Reviews does not offer advice on automotive problems or disputes; such enquiries will not receive a reply. For vehicles purchased from dealers after 1 January 2011, please see our Australian Consumer Law fact sheet.

Peugeot RCZ 1.6 Turbo (EP6CDT/EP6DTX): chain tensioners & timing chains

Overview

The 1.6-litre naturally aspirated and turbocharged ‘Prince’ petrol engines were jointly developed by PSA Peugeot Citroen and BMW. Prince engines produced prior to November 2011, however, have a history of problems with the timing chain tensioner – which is responsible for maintaining tension in the timing chain – and there are four different chain tensioner designs. While most timing chain tensioner problems have manifested in turbocharged Prince engines, naturally aspirated versions are also susceptible. To reduce the likelihood of problems, it is recommended that:

• Oil changes be performed annually or every 10,000 kilometres (whichever comes first); and,
• The oil level is checked regularly and that oil is added if necessary.

The following paragraphs describe the service bulletins issued by MINI for its Prince engines, though these are relevant to Peugeot and Citroen models since components for all Prince engines were manufactured at PSA’s Douvrin plant. In summary,

• Service Information bulletin SI M11 02 07 and Service Information bulletin SI B11 04 13 identify problems with the timing chain tensioner in 2006-09 N14 turbocharged engines (as used in MINI’s Cooper S and John Cooper Works vehicles). In particular, Service Information bulletin SI B11 04 13 describes a service action that was initiated for all N14 powered vehicles to inspect the chain tensioner; and,
• Service Information bulletin SI M11 03 11 applies to both naturally aspirated (N12 and N16) and turbocharged (N14 and N18) Prince engines that were produced up to November 2011. That bulletin describes how the material used for the timing chain tensioner seal ring was too soft and this could cause 1) a loss of tension in the timing chain and/or 2) an oil leak at the chain tensioner.

Based on Service Information bulletin SI M11 03 11 and reports from owners, AustralianCar.Reviews considers all Prince engines produced prior to November 2011 to be susceptible to timing chain tensioner problems.

2006-09 turbocharged Prince engines: rattle noise due to lack of timing chain tension

In September 2012, MINI issued Service Information bulletin SI M11 02 07 for the following –

• R55 Cooper S Clubman vehicles with N14 engines;
• R56 Cooper S vehicles with N14 engines; and,
• R57 Cooper S Convertibles with N14 engines

that were manufactured prior to 4 May 2009.

In these vehicles, there may be a rattle noise from the engine after cold starts, most often at the 1600-1800 rpm range, but also from 0-2000 rpm if the timing chain had stretched. Furthermore,

• The rattle noise occurred more frequently if the vehicle had been used to drive short distances; and,
• The outside temperature was around 15 degrees Celsius or below.

These symptoms were attributed to insufficient tension in the timing chain or the chain tensioner not having been bled sufficiently.

In determining whether the chain tensioner was to be replaced, the existing chain tensioner was to be removed and the distance from its end to the top of its main shaft was to be measured –

• If the distance was less than 72 mm and the rattling noise could only be heard between 1600-1800 rpm, then the chain tensioner was to be replaced with part number 11 31 7 607 551 (though part number 11 31 7 607 551 was not to be used if installing a new timing chain);
• If the distance was greater than 72 mm and the rattling noise was also present at idle, then the chain tensioner (part number 11 31 7 597 895), timing chain, guide rail, tensioner rail, sliding rail, crankshaft sprocket and bearing bolts (for the tensioner and guide rails) and were to be replaced.

2006-09 turbocharged Prince engines: lack of tension from timing chain tensioner on guide rail

In January 2014, MINI issued Service Information bulletin SI B11 04 13 for the following –

• R55 Cooper S and JCW Clubman vehicles;
• R56 Cooper S and JCW vehicles; and,
• R 57 Cooper S and JCW Convertibles

that had N14 turbocharged petrol engines and were manufactured up to May 2009. A service action, which had the code number ’61’, was also issued for these vehicles. AustralianCar.Reviews understands that this service action was initiated due to the high rate of chain tensioner problems in turbocharged Prince engines.

Inthese vehicles, the spring force applied by the timing chain tensioner to the timing chain guide rail could be too low – this was attributed to chain tensioner having inconsistent internal tolerances. Depending on the severity of the wear, this could lead to a rattling noise from the engine on cold starts or when the engine was idling.

As part of the service action,

1. The timing chain tensioner was to be inspected (between the intake tube and air filter housing). If the chain tensioner had a protruding boss or a flat head, it was to be removed. If it had a drilled head or a circular machined edge at the top, it was not to be removed;
2. Once removed, the distance from the end of the chain tensioner to the top of the main shaft was to be measured –
   • If this distance was less than 68 mm, the chain tensioner and sealing ring (part number 11 31 4 609 482) were to be replaced;
   • If this distance was 68 mm or greater, then the timing chain tensioner, sealing ring, timing chain, guide rail, tensioner rail, sliding rail, crankshaft sprocket and bearings bolts (for the tensioner and guide rails) were to be replaced. These items were all included in a Timing Chain Repair Kit (part number 11 31 8 623 601).

When replacing the timing chain module (guide rails), an inspection was to be carried out for missing or broken parts. If portions of or the entire guide rail(s) were missing, it is likely that they had migrated into the engine oil pan. If this had occurred, then the engine oil pan was to be removed so that the fragments could be retrieved; the engine oil and filter were also to be replaced.

Pre-Noevember 2011 Prince engines: timing chain tensioner seal ring

In April 2012, MINI issued Service Information bulletin SI M11 03 11 for the following –

• R55 Cooper and Cooper S Clubman vehicles;
• R56 Cooper and Cooper S vehicles;
• R57 Cooper and Cooper S Convertibles; and,
• R60 Cooper and Cooper S Countryman vehicles

with N12, N14, N16 or N18 engines that were produced up to November 2011.

According to the service information bulletin, the material used for the timing chain tensioner seal ring in pre-November 2011 Prince engines was too soft, and this could cause a loss of tension when the timing chain tensioner was tightened. AustralianCar.Reviews, however, considers that this design fault could cause a loss of tension over time, not just when the tensioner was tightened. From the service information bulletin, the softness of the timing chain tensioner seal material could cause:

• A rattling noise from the engine due to a loss of timing chain tension. If the timing chain tensioner was to be removed for repairs, then the new chain tensioner seal ring (part number 11 31 7 631 972) was to be installed; or,
• An oil leak at the timing chain tensioner. In some cases, the timing chain tensioner may only be hand-tight. In such cases, the timing chain tensioner was to be removed and the seal ring (part number 11 31 7 631 792) was to be replaced. The chain tensioner, however, was not to be replaced.

Peugeot RCZ: EP6CDT/EP6DTX engines, carbon deposits & misfires

For the Peugeot RCZ, the 1.6-litre EP6CDT and EP6DTX turbocharged petrol engines are susceptible to developing carbon deposits on the back of the intake valves. Since direct injection engines such as the EP6CDT and EP6DTX do not spray fuel on the backside of the intake valves, the detergent properties of the fuel cannot remove the carbon build up (as occurs in port injected engines).

Jointly developed by PSA Peugeot Citroen and BMW, the 1.6-litre ‘Prince’ engines were also used in MINI models. In September 2012, MINI issued Service Information Bulletin SI M12 02 10 for MINI models that had N14 ‘Prince’ engines, noting that excessive carbon deposits on the intake valves/ports could cause the following symptoms –

• Illumination of the ‘Service Engine Soon’ (MIL) lamp;
• Rough running when the engine is cold or warm; and,
• The following misfire faults: 2771, 2772, 2773, 2775, 2776, 2777, 2779, 277A, 277B, 277D, 277E, 277F – ‘Combustion misfire, cylinder 1..4’. This may appear with faults 2781, 2782 or 2783 – ‘Combustion misfire, multiple cylinders’.

The engine may also be difficult to start or not start at all.

The service bulletin recommended that ‘BMW Group Carbon Blaster’ (part number 81 29 2 208 034) be used to clean the carbon deposits. As a preventative measure, MINI USA recommended that ‘BMW Group Fuel Injection and Induction System Cleaner’ be used annually on N14-powered vehicles to prevent carbon buildup.

Peugeot RCZ (EP6CDT/EP6DTX): thermostat housing coolant leak

For Peugeot RCZ models that were powered by 1.6-litre ‘Prince’ EP6CDT and EP6DTX engines, the plastic thermostat housing could become brittle over time and develop hairline cracks that allowed coolant to leak and pool on top of the transmission – these leaks often became apparent after 80,000 kilometres, though individual experiences may vary. As a result of the coolant leakage,

• A Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) relating to the thermostat heater control circuit may be stored because the coolant temperature sensor no longer functioned;
• The engine may take longer to reach operating temperature; and,
• The engine may overheat.

Peugeot RCZ (EP6CDT/EP6DTX): high pressure fuel pump (HPFP) failure

For Peugeot RCZ models that were powered by 1.6-litre ‘Prince’ EP6CDT and EP6DTX engines, the high pressure fuel pump (HPFP) was susceptible to failure. Symptoms of a deteriorating high pressure fuel pump included:

• Occasional failure to start since fuel rail pressure did not reach the required 5.0 bar;
• A rough idle once the engine started;
• The engine could ‘surge’ while the vehicle was being driven; and,
• Illumination of the ‘check engine’ light.

To fix, the high pressure fuel pump had to be replaced.

Recalls: Fiat 500C

Overview

Manufacturers, or importers, issue recalls for defects or faults which have the potential to cause injury. Generally, manufacturers will inform the original buyers if their vehicle is subject to a recall and of the steps required to remedy the defect or fault. Please note that the recalls below (if any) are for Australian-delivered vehicles only. Furthermore, the number of recalls should not be taken as an indication of a model’s reliability or its safety more generally.

Recalls: Fiat 500C

• In August 2010, a recall was issued for Fiat 500C vehicles due to potentially inconsistent inflation of the side airbags due to non-compliant air bag control unit software (PRA 2010/11941).
• In April 2016, a recall was issued for 2014 Fiat 500 and Fiat 500C vehicles because of potential deviation in the heat treatment process of the seatbelt buckle such that the seatbelt anchorage links may not comply with safety standards. If the seatbelt did not function correctly, there was an increased risk of injury to the occupant in the event of a collision (PRA 2016/15320).

Problems and faults: Fiat 500C

Overview

This section identifies potential problems, causes and fixes based on the experiences of owners and repairers, online sources and technical service bulletins. This information is provided solely for reference purposes and AustralianCar.Reviews recommends that only properly qualified persons carry out repairs or modifications. Furthermore, the number of items below should not be taken as an indicator of a model’s reliability or the frequency with which they may occur.

To report a problem or fault to the AustralianCar.Reviews team, please use the Contact Us form. Note that AustralianCar.Reviews does not offer advice on automotive problems or disputes; such enquiries will not receive a reply. For vehicles purchased from dealers after 1 January 2011, please see our Australian Consumer Law fact sheet.

Fiat 500C 1.2 8v: rocker cover gasket change

For Fiat’s 1.2-litre 8 valve ‘Fire’ engine, the rocker cover gasket is only meant to last two years or 40,000 kilometres before replacement.

On even numbered services, the service procedure recommends checking the mechanical tappet clearance on these engines. As part of this procedure, the rocker cover gasket is to be changed and the cam cover needs to be removed for this to be performed. If having your vehicle serviced, it is suggested that you could put a paint mark on the gasket seal so you will know if it has been replaced.

For further information, please see Fiat Forum: 1.2 8v cam/rocker cover gasket change.

Fiat 500C with DuaLogic: ‘gear unavailable’

For Fiat 500C vehicles with the five-speed ‘DuaLogic’ semi-automatic transmission, the ‘gear unavailable’ message may appear in the instrument cluster while driving or at idle. If this occurred while driving, the driver may be unable to change gear; if the driver slowed to rest, there may be a delay in selecting neutral (‘N’) followed by sudden jerk as it engaged. For these vehicles, it may be necessary to replace the DuaLogic pump which consisted of three components: a pump, accumulator and an actuator.

2014-15 Fiat 500C 1.2 (EU6): hesitation when accelerating from rest

For 2014 and 2015 Fiat 500 vehicles that had 1.2-litre petrol engines which complied with Euro 6 (EU6) emissions standards, owners have complained of a lack of power at engine speeds below 3000 rpm which makes it difficult to accelerate from rest, particularly uphill. It is believed that this problem was caused by engine mapping introduced for the EU6 compliant 1.2-litre petrol engine that was available from May 2014.

In BBC’s Watchdog program, a mechanic attributed the difficulty in accelerating to a delay between pressing the accelerator pedal and the engine’s response. In the video below, stunt driver Ben Collins attempts to drive the Fiat 500 up a hill, concluding that there was a lack of power below 3000 rpm and that it was necessary to rev the engine to 5000 rpm and ride the clutch in order to drive up the hill.

In a statement following BBC’s Watchdog programme, Fiat acknowledged that the majority of complaints it had received were for EU6 compliant Fiat 500 1.2 vehicles that did not have electronic stability control (ESC) and that these vehicles had different engine software to those which did have ESC.

In March 2015, Fiat introduced a series of rectification measures to address these problems:

• Replacement of the clutch position sensor;
• An ECU update for idle and emissions controls; and,
• An ESC update (for models which had ESC).

Recalls: Audi R8 Spyder

Overview

Manufacturers, or importers, issue recalls for defects or faults which have the potential to cause injury. Generally, manufacturers will inform the original buyers if their vehicle is subject to a recall and of the steps required to remedy the defect or fault. Please note that the recalls below (if any) are for Australian-delivered vehicles only. Furthermore, the number of recalls should not be taken as an indication of a model’s reliability or its safety more generally.

Recalls: Audi R8 Spyder

• In August 2011, a recall was issued for Audi R8 Spyder vehicles that were manufactured from April 2009 to June 2011. For these vehicles, the fuel supply line could come into contact with the heat-shield in the engine bay – this could damage the fuel supply line and, in isolated cases, lead to fuel leaks (PRA 2011/12768).

Problems and faults: Audi R8 Spyder

Overview

This section identifies potential problems, causes and fixes based on the experiences of owners and repairers, online sources and technical service bulletins. This information is provided solely for reference purposes and AustralianCar.Reviews recommends that only properly qualified persons carry out repairs or modifications. Furthermore, the number of items below should not be taken as an indicator of a model’s reliability or the frequency with which they may occur.

To report a problem or fault to the AustralianCar.Reviews team, please use the Contact Us form. Note that AustralianCar.Reviews does not offer advice on automotive problems or disputes; such enquiries will not receive a reply. For vehicles purchased from dealers after 1 January 2011, please see our Australian Consumer Law fact sheet.

Carbon deposits (build-up) on intake valves

• Audi’s naturally aspirated, direct injected petrol engines (such as the R8 Spyder’s 4.2 FSI) are considered susceptible to accumulating carbon deposits (or build up) on the intake valves. In these direct injection petrol engines, carbon deposits may accumulate on the stem and throat of the intake valve due to:
  1. the vaporisation of oil which is not trapped by the oil separator; or
  2. unburned fuel and exhaust gases that escape past the piston rings and enter the crankcase (‘blow-by’).

  Since direct injection engines do not spray fuel on the backside of the intake valves, the detergent properties of the fuel cannot remove the carbon build up (as occurs in port injected engines). Symptoms of carbon deposits on the intake valve include difficulty starting the vehicle (hard starting), misfiring and misfire engine codes and reduced engine performance. Potentially, these deposits can result in damage to the catalytic converter and, for turbocharged engines, the turbocharger itself if bits of the deposit break off and enter the exhaust. To remove the carbon deposits, the intake must be removed and the valves cleaned manually. To reduce the incidence of carbon deposits, a common aftermarket measure is the fitment of an oil vapor catch can. The catch can receives dirty air from the crankcase via the Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) valve, filters it and returns it to the intake manifold via the PCV port.

Oil consumption

For the Audi R8 Spyder’s V8 FSI engine, there have been reports of oil consumption of around 1 litre per 1500 kilometres. For the V10 engine, oil consumption is more commonly around 0.5 litres per 1500 km. Oil consumption generally decreases once the vehicles have completed around 30,000 kms.

Clutch

• For the manual transmission, clutch life is generally around 60,000 kms.
• For the R-Tronic transmission, clutch life is around 25,000 kms.

Released in May 2010, the Toyota Rukus was a five-door, front-wheel drive wagon. Manufactured in Japan, the Rukus was powered by a 2.4-litre four-cylinder petrol engine that was mated to a four-speed automatic transmission, the Rukus was initially available in three variants: Build 1, Build 2 and Build 3. In March 2011, a limited-run Halo variant was released. Although based on the E150 Corolla platform, the Rukus was 40 mm longer (at 4260 mm) and 130 mm taller (1645 mm), though width (1760 mm) and wheelbase length (2600 mm) were unchanged… Read full Toyota Rukus review

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Released in September 2010, the Peugeot Phase I RCZ was a two-door coupe with ‘two-plus-two’ seating. Manufactured in Graz, Austria, the front-wheel drive RCZ was available with 1.6-litre turbocharged petrol and 2.0-litre turbo-diesel engines… Read full Peugeot RCZ review

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Images: Peugeot Phase II RCZ (2013-15)

Released in May 2013, the Peugeot Phase II RCZ introduced updated styling and additional features. The Peugeot Phase II RCZ could be identified by its new front mask which included xenon headlights with titanium surrounds and claw-shaped daytime LED running lights; other changes included matt black roof arches (previously silver), a black grille and black brake calipers. Inside, the Phase II RCZ was fitted with new door pads with trim inserts, lacquered black gear lever surround and two aluminium dashboard inserts.

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